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Arthur Cumming (Royal Navy officer)
Admiral Sir Arthur Cumming KCB (6 May 1817 – 17 February 1893) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He was born in Nancy, France to Sir Henry Cumming, a general in the British Army and received naval education at the Royal Naval College in Portsmouth. Cumming served as a midshipman in the Mediterranean and North America before being promoted to lieutenant in 1840 for his actions in the Syrian War. He remained with the Mediterranean Fleet until appointed to HMS ''Frolic'', a sloop stationed in South America. Whilst detached from ''Frolic'' and in command of a small pinnace on 6 September 1843 Cumming and seven men boarded a Portuguese slave ship, subdued her 27-man crew and brought her back to Rio de Janeiro. He had expected to be promoted for his efforts, but was overlooked and resented the decision for the rest of his life. Cumming spent some time in the Navy's Experimental Squadron before being promoted commander on 9 November 1846.
Cumming's first command was HMS ''Rattler'', stationed off West Africa, during which he captured another slave ship. He saw active service against the Russians during the Crimean War, captaining the frigate HMS ''Gorgon'' and being promoted to post-captain on 19 April 1854. Subsequently Cumming was transferred to HMS ''Conflict'' and, in company with HMS ''Amphion'', was able to capture the Baltic Sea port of Libau without firing a shot. Towards the end of the war he took command of the ironclad floating battery HMS ''Glatton'' but arrived in the Black Sea after the peace had been agreed. He returned to the UK in time for ''Glatton'' to take part in Queen Victoria's 1856 Fleet Review. Cumming was appointed captain of the frigate HMS ''Emerald'' on 14 May 1859 and remained with the ship until the end of her Royal Navy career on 7 November 1863. ''Emerald'' served in the Channel Fleet, the Baltic Sea and Admiralty propeller trials. She also made several trips to the Americas including "one of the quickest passages on record" to Bermuda in 1860. After her decommissioning Cumming was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath, served aboard HMS ''Victory'' and ''Duke of Wellington'' and in the Packet Service.
Cumming achieved flag rank on 27 February 1870 when he was promoted to rear-admiral. He served for a while as a port admiral before becoming the Naval Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies in 1872, remaining there until 1875. Cumming continued to receive promotions, becoming vice-admiral in 1876 and admiral in 1880, but retired from the Navy in 1880. In retirement he lived at Foston Hall, near Derby. Cumming was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath as part of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee celebrations on 21 June 1887 and died in London on 17 February 1893.
== Early life ==
Arthur Cumming was born at Nancy in France on 6 May 1817, his father was General Sir Henry Cumming. Arthur was entered into the Royal Naval College at Portsmouth in January 1831, passing the course and being discharged on 8 August 1832.〔 His first ship was the sloop HMS ''Rover'' on which he served in the Mediterranean (presumably as a midshipman), also serving on the Lisbon and North American Stations.〔 In 1837 Cumming passed his examinations to become eligible for the position of lieutenant and was promoted to the rank of mate on 4 April.〔 By early 1840 Cumming was stationed at HMS ''Excellent'', a navy stone frigate in Portsmouth that housed the gunnery school.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900/C/01238.html )〕
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